MySQL学习笔记(Day001-002:介绍和安装)
###一.MySQL版本选择
- MySQL5.6以后的版本,推荐使用官方版本。
- Percona:在5.6版本以后,MySQL将Percon之前优化集成到官方版本中;
- MariaDB:无INNODB;且核心代码较老
- MySQL在5.6以后不断重构源码,安装包越来越大,功能和性能在持续改进
二. MySQL官方网站介绍
官方网站:http://www.mysql.com
- Developer Zone: MySQL开发工程师板块 - Articles: Oracle工程师自己的博客
- Plant MySQL: 和MySQL相关从业人员的博客
- Bugs:MySQL BugList
- Worklog:开发记录
- Labs:MySQL实验性项目
 
- Downloads:MySQL下载 - Enterprise:MySQL企业版本相关,略过
- Community:社区版,我们下载和使用社区版- MySQL Community Server:MySQL Server
- MySQL Fabric : 和管理相关的工具
- MySQL Router:路由中间件
- MySQL Utilities:MySQL应用程序包
- MySQL Workbench:官方图型化管理界面
- MySQL Proxy:MySQL代理。Alpha版本,不推荐
 
 
- Documentation:MySQL文档 
三. MySQL下载
- 推荐下载Linux-Generic版本
- Source Code版本主要作用是为了让开发人员研究源码使用,自己编译对性能提升不明显
- 不推荐Version 5.5.X,有部分bug
- 推荐使用Version 5.6.X和Version 5.7.X
下载地址:
MySQL Community Server 5.7.9 Linux Generic x86-64bit
MySQL Community Server 5.6.27 Linux Generic x86-64bit
四. MySQL安装
- 安装通用步骤: - 解压缩mysql-VERSION-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
- 打开INSTALL_BINARY文件,按照shell>开头的步骤进行操作
- 将export PATH=/安装路径/mysql/bin:$PATH添加到/etc/profile
- chkconfig mysqld on或者- chkconfig mysqld.server on视你的环境而定,详细步骤如下
 
- 解压缩
- MySQL 5.6.X 安装: - 1 
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 15- shell> yum install libaio # Debain系用户:apt-get install libaio1 
 shell> groupadd mysql
 shell> useradd -r -g mysql mysql
 shell> cd /usr/local
 shell> tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz
 shell> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql
 shell> cd mysql
 shell> chown -R mysql .
 shell> chgrp -R mysql .
 shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
 shell> chown -R root .
 shell> chown -R mysql data
 shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
 # Next command is optional
 shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server
- MySQL 5.7.X 安装 - 1 
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 19- shell> groupadd mysql 
 shell> useradd -r -g mysql mysql
 shell> cd /usr/local
 shell> tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz
 shell> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql
 shell> cd mysql
 shell> mkdir mysql-files
 shell> chmod 770 mysql-files
 shell> chown -R mysql .
 shell> chgrp -R mysql .
 shell> bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql #该步骤中会产生零时
 #root@localhost密码
 #需要自己记录下来
 shell> bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup
 shell> chown -R root .
 shell> chown -R mysql data mysql-files
 shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
 # Next command is optional
 shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server
- 验证安装 - data目录在安装之前是空目录,安装完成后应该有- ibXXX等文件
- 安装过程中输出的信息中,不应该含有ERROR信息,错误信息默认会写入到$HOSTNAME.err的文件中
- 通过bin/mysql命令(5.7.X含有零时密码)可以正常登录
 
- MySQL启动 - mysqld_safe --user=mysql &即可启动,- mysqld_safe是一个守护- mysqld进程的脚本程序,旨在- mysqld意外停止时,可以重启- mysqld进程
- 也可以通过INSTALL_BINARRY中的的步骤,使用/etc/init.d/mysql.server start进行启动(启动脚本以你复制的实际名字为准,通常改名为mysqld,即/etc/init.d/mysqld start)
 
五. 附录
- 姜老师的配置文件 - my.cnf- 1 
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 95- [client] 
 user=david
 password=88888888
 [mysqld]
 ########basic settings########
 server-id = 11
 port = 3306
 user = mysql
 bind_address = 10.166.224.32 #根据实际情况修改
 autocommit = 0 #5.6.X安装时,需要注释掉,安装完成后再打开
 character_set_server=utf8mb4
 skip_name_resolve = 1
 max_connections = 800
 max_connect_errors = 1000
 datadir = /data/mysql_data #根据实际情况修改,建议和程序分离存放
 transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
 explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = 1
 join_buffer_size = 134217728
 tmp_table_size = 67108864
 tmpdir = /tmp
 max_allowed_packet = 16777216
 sql_mode = "STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,NO_ZERO_DATE,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER"
 interactive_timeout = 1800
 wait_timeout = 1800
 read_buffer_size = 16777216
 read_rnd_buffer_size = 33554432
 sort_buffer_size = 33554432
 ########log settings########
 log_error = error.log
 slow_query_log = 1
 slow_query_log_file = slow.log
 log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1
 log_slow_admin_statements = 1
 log_slow_slave_statements = 1
 log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 10
 expire_logs_days = 90
 long_query_time = 2
 min_examined_row_limit = 100
 ########replication settings########
 master_info_repository = TABLE
 relay_log_info_repository = TABLE
 log_bin = bin.log
 sync_binlog = 1
 gtid_mode = on
 enforce_gtid_consistency = 1
 log_slave_updates
 binlog_format = row
 relay_log = relay.log
 relay_log_recovery = 1
 binlog_gtid_simple_recovery = 1
 slave_skip_errors = ddl_exist_errors
 ########innodb settings########
 innodb_page_size = 8192
 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 6G #根据实际情况修改
 innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8
 innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup = 1
 innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown = 1
 innodb_lru_scan_depth = 2000
 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 5
 innodb_io_capacity = 4000
 innodb_io_capacity_max = 8000
 innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
 innodb_file_format = Barracuda
 innodb_file_format_max = Barracuda
 innodb_log_group_home_dir = /redolog/ #根据实际情况修改
 innodb_undo_directory = /undolog/ #根据实际情况修改
 innodb_undo_logs = 128
 innodb_undo_tablespaces = 3
 innodb_flush_neighbors = 1
 innodb_log_file_size = 4G #根据实际情况修改
 innodb_log_buffer_size = 16777216
 innodb_purge_threads = 4
 innodb_large_prefix = 1
 innodb_thread_concurrency = 64
 innodb_print_all_deadlocks = 1
 innodb_strict_mode = 1
 innodb_sort_buffer_size = 67108864
 ########semi sync replication settings########
 plugin_dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin #根据实际情况修改
 plugin_load = "rpl_semi_sync_master=semisync_master.so;rpl_semi_sync_slave=semisync_slave.so"
 loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1
 loose_rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = 1
 loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout = 5000
 [mysqld-5.7]
 innodb_buffer_pool_dump_pct = 40
 innodb_page_cleaners = 4
 innodb_undo_log_truncate = 1
 innodb_max_undo_log_size = 2G
 innodb_purge_rseg_truncate_frequency = 128
 binlog_gtid_simple_recovery=1
 log_timestamps=system
 transaction_write_set_extraction=MURMUR32
 show_compatibility_56=on
- 几个重要的参数配置和说明 - innodb_log_file_size = 4G:做实验可以更改的小点,线上环境推荐用4G,以前5.5和5.1等版本之所以官方给的值很小,是因为太大后有bug,现在bug已经修复
- innodb_undo_logs = 128和- innodb_undo_tablespaces = 3建议在安装之前就确定好该值,后续修改比较麻烦
- [mysqld],- [mysqld-5.7]这种tag表明了下面的配置在什么版本下才生效,- [mysqld]下均生效
- autocommit,这个参数在5.5.X以后才有,安装5.6.X的时候要注意先把该参数注释掉,等安装完成后,再行打开, 5.7.X无需预先注释
- datadir,- innodb_log_group_home_dir,- innodb_undo_directory一定要注意他的权限是- mysql:mysql
 
- my.cnf问题- 使用mysqld --help -vv | grep my.cnf查看mysql的配置文件读取顺序
- 后读取的my.cnf中的配置,如果有相同项,会覆盖之前的配置
- 使用--defaults-files可指定配置文件
 
- 使用